( 4) Recent writers have attacked this contrast, pointing to the importance Aristotle accords concern for others in friendship ( philia) and the centrality of friendship in happiness. ( 3) The idea that happiness is a private pursuit is implicit in the contrast, formerly drawn often, between the egoism of ancient ethicists and the properly moral analyses of modern philosophers. Mulgan a bulwark protecting individual ends from subordination to those of the state. ( 1) Though it is also recognized that participating in the governing of the state could play some important, or even necessary, role in a good life, the predominant view is that happiness is mostly pursued individually or with friends. Why does Aristotle think that the good life must be lived in a state ( polis)? It is usually supposed that the state serves to provide the security and stability that individuals need for virtuous acts.
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